江底盾构隧道施工期外水压分布规律的现场试验研究   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

谢红强  何川  李围 《岩土力学》2006,27(10):1851-1855

重庆主城排水过江盾构隧道工程是国家重点环保工程之一,也是目前长江上最大的岩质盾构隧道。隧道采用泥水盾构机施工,其主体结构在施工期及运营期将承受0.6 MPa的高水压。研究高外水压力对隧道的影响具有重要意义,结合隧址区的地形地质及水文条件对施工期作用在盾构主体结构上的水压力进行了现场跟踪测试,探求施工期外水压力的分布规律,为盾构隧道的掘进控制提供参数,并为类似工程提供有益参考。  相似文献   

甘肃省张掖丹霞与彩色丘陵地貌的形成与景观特征   总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3  

张荷生  崔振卿 《中国沙漠》2007,27(6):942-945

对发育在甘肃省张掖市境内祁连山山麓、白垩系中下统碎屑岩地层中的丹霞地貌与彩色丘陵形成的地层、构造、地貌、古地理环境和外动力条件进行了分析;将该地的丹霞地貌划分为窗棂状宫殿式、柱状式和巷谷式三类不同的地貌景观群,并分别描述了各类丹霞地貌和彩色丘陵的景观特征;从景观的典型性、美学价值、科考价值、观赏价值四个方面评价了丹霞地貌与彩色丘陵的科教旅游价值;认为张掖丹霞地貌既有南方丹霞之秀美、又有北方雅丹之雄浑,彩色丘陵色彩斑斓、绚丽多姿、气势宏大,这两种奇特的地貌景观相互衬托,成为国内独特的地质遗迹,具有极高的观赏价值和重要的科研价值,是旅游观光、绘画摄影、科普教育、科学研究和考察的最佳场所。  相似文献   

群岛峡道浓盐水排放扩散的三维数值模拟          下载免费PDF全文

李春辉  李瑞杰  肖千璐  傅小燕  张海春 《海洋学研究》2016,34(4):39-45

采用三维潮流温盐数学模型对六横岛附近海域的水动力环境及盐度场分布进行数值模拟,并以实测资料进行验证,所建立模型可以较好地反映该海域潮流动力特征及盐度场的分布情况。利用验证后的三维数学模型,对海水淡化工程浓盐水排放后盐度场分布进行计算,将排放后的盐度分布与工程前进行对比分析,并推算盐升面积及垂向盐度增量。结果表明,海水淡化工程排放的浓盐水对六横岛海域盐度分布的影响主要集中在排水口附近的底层,影响区域呈带状分布,最大盐度增量为1.2左右,且排水口附近海域出现盐度垂向分层。  相似文献   

Field Detection of Chiorophyll-a Concentration in the Sea Surface Layer by an Airborne Oceanographic Lidar   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

LIU Zhishen MA Sen WANG Xin LI Zhigang 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2008,7(1):108-112

An airborne oceanographic lidar, with a frequency-tripled Q-switched Nd： YAG laser of 355 nm, has been designed to measure chlorophyll-a （Chl-a） concentration in the sea surface layer by the Ocean Remote Sensing Institute, OUC. The field experiment was carried out in the bay which is located south of the Liaodong Peninsula on the 10th of September 2005. After the flight, the raw data were processed and analyzed by the fluorescence-to-Raman ratio method with seawater attenuation coefficients calculated from signal profiles. The results of Chl-a concentration sea water were also compared with those of Chl-a concentration by measurements by lidar are shown. The measurements in clear a Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer （MODIS）.  相似文献   

Field Detection of Chlorophyll-a Concentration in the Sea Surface Layer by an Airborne Oceanographic Lidar     

LIU Zhishen  MA Sen  WANG Xin  LI Zhigang 《中国海洋大学学报(英文版)》2008,7(1)

An airborne oceanographic lidar, with a frequency-tripled Q-switched Nd: YAG laser of 355 nm, has been designed to measure chlorophyll-a (Chl-a) concentration in the sea surface layer by the Ocean Remote Sensing Institute, OUC. The field experiment was carried out in the bay which is located south of the Liaodong Peninsula on the 10th of September 2005. After the flight, the raw data were processed and analyzed by the fluorescence-to-Raman ratio method with seawater attenuation coefficients calculated from signal profiles. The results of Chl-a concentration measurements by lidar are shown. The measurements in clear sea water were also compared with those of Chl-a concentration by a Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS).  相似文献   

胶州湾海水中悬浮颗粒对溶解态微量元素的影响   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3       下载免费PDF全文

刘刚  瞿成利  常凤鸣  赵永芳  路波 《海洋科学》2008,32(3):55-61

运用离子色谱离线螯合结合ICP-MS的方法,对胶州湾海水中的微量元素(V,Co,Ni,Cu,Mo,Cd,Pb,U,REEs)进行了精确的定量分析。在测试前对在同一站位不同层位采集的平行海水样品进行了两种不同的酸化处理:一份采取先过滤后酸化的方式,以获得海水中溶解态微量元素的含量;另一份采取直接酸化后分析的方式,以评估悬浮颗粒中的可交换态微量元素对溶解态微量元素测定结果可能造成的影响。通过对比研究发现,不同处理方法得到的V、Ni、Cu、Co、Pb以及稀土元素(REEs)的质量浓度存在很大差异,说明悬浮颗粒物质可能对海水中相应元素的测定产生较大的影响。各种微量元素之间的差异和相应离子或离子团的电荷性质、在海水中的配位作用以及悬浮颗粒物质的表面电荷性质有关。初步研究结果表明,在类似于胶州湾这样的近海海域,悬浮颗粒物质是控制微量元素分布特征的一个重要因素。  相似文献   

Isotopic,trace element and nutrient characterization of coastal waters from Ubatuba inner shelf area,south-eastern Brazil     

P.P. Povinec  J. de Oliveira  E.S. Braga  J.-F. Comanducci  J. Gastaud  M. Groening  I. Levy-Palomo  U. Morgenstern  Z. Top 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008

Stable isotopes, tritium, radium isotopes, radon, trace elements and nutrients data were collected during two sampling campaigns in the Ubatuba coastal area (south-eastern Brazil) with the aim of investigating submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) in the region. The isotopic composition (δD, δ¹⁸O, ³H) of submarine waters was characterised by significant variability and heavy isotope enrichment. The stable isotopes and tritium data showed good separation of groundwater and seawater groups. The contribution of groundwater in submarine waters varied from a few % to 17%. Spatial distribution of ²²²Rn activity concentration in surface seawater revealed changes between 50 and 200 Bq m⁻³ which were in opposite relationship with observed salinities. Time series measurements of ²²²Rn activity concentration in Flamengo Bay (from 1 to 5 kBq m⁻³), obtained by in situ underwater gamma-spectrometry showed a negative correlation between the ²²²Rn activity concentration and tide/salinity. This may be caused by sea level changes as tide effects induce variations of hydraulic gradients, which increase ²²²Rn concentration during lower sea level, and opposite, during high tides where the ²²²Rn activity concentration is smaller. The estimated SGD fluxes varied during 22–26 November between 8 and 40 cm d⁻¹, with an average value of 21 cm d⁻¹ (the unit is cm³/cm² per day). The radium isotopes and nutrient data showed scattered distributions with offshore distance and salinity, which implies that in a complex coast with many small bays and islands, the area has been influenced by local currents and groundwater–seawater mixing. SGD in the Ubatuba area is fed by coastal contaminated groundwater and re-circulated seawater (with small admixtures of groundwater), which claims for potential environmental concern with implications on the management of freshwater resources in the region.  相似文献   

膨胀石墨吸附重油的热力学研究     

曹晓燕  魏淑伟  杨桂朋  周立敏 《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2008,38(1):103-106

研究膨胀石墨对模拟海水中重油的吸附热力学行为.结果表明:在293～308 K,含油量为2.172～18.11 mg·dm-3实验浓度范围内,膨胀石墨对模拟海水中重油的吸附是放热过程,吸附等温线符合Freundlich和Langmuir方程.根据热力学函数关系计算出膨胀石墨对模拟海水中重油的标准吸附焓变为-39.49 kJ·mol-1,标准吉布斯自由能变为-22.40～-23.50 kJ·mol-1,说明吸附过程可自发进行.  相似文献   

The oxygen isotope composition of water masses within the North Sea     

Andrew J.P. Harwood  Paul F. Dennis  Alina D. Marca  Graham M. Pilling  Richard S. Millner 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2008

Based on measurements of the ¹⁸O isotope composition of 247 samples collected over a 3-year period we have assessed the oxygen isotope composition of water masses in the North Sea. This is the first δ¹⁸O data set that covers the entire North Sea basin. The waters lie on a mixing line: δ¹⁸O (‰_VSMOW) = −9.300 + 0.274(S) with North Atlantic sub-polar mode water (SPMW) and surface waters, and Baltic Sea water representing the saline and freshwater end members respectively. Patterns exhibited in surface and bottom water δ¹⁸O distributions are representative of the general circulation of the North Sea. Oxygen-18 enriched waters from the North Atlantic enter the North Sea between Scotland and Norway and to a lesser extent through the English Channel. In contrast, oxygen-18 depleted waters mainly inflow from the Baltic Sea, the rivers Rhine and Elbe, and to a lesser degree, the Norwegian Fjords and other river sources. Locally the δ¹⁸O–salinity relationship will be controlled by the isotopic composition of the freshwater inputs. However, the range of local freshwater compositions around the North Sea basin is too narrow to characterise the relative contributions of individual sources to the overall seawater composition. This dataset provides important information for a number of related disciplines including biogeochemical research and oceanographic studies.  相似文献   

利用卫星云图资料制作热带气旋预报路径的一种算法   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

潘杰丽  朱明  朱敬海  李永平  郭兴业  卢保祥 《台湾海峡》2009,28(3):425-431

根据台风生成后在云场中移动的环境条件，引入一个环境作用于台风中心的热力梯度力方向，用该热力梯度力方向与当前台风的移动方向相结合，研究台风移动过程的变化规律，寻找一种简易可行的台风路径预报方法．经过多年实践，本文揭示出台风中心未来沿着当前移动方向与环境作用于台风中心的热力方向合成移动的基本规律：当前台风中心移向与前方晴空区中轴线相交时，台风沿着当前移向前进到与阻挡轴线相交点相距4个纬距的位置时便发生偏转，逐渐与阻挡轴线走向趋于一致；若当前台风中心距相交点的距离小于或等于4个纬距时，则从当前位置发生偏转．文中利用以上规律研制出台风移向变化方程和移动轨迹方程．  相似文献